TRANSFORMASI ALAT PERTANIAN TRADISIONAL KE ALAT PERTANIAN MODERN BERDASARKAN KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT JAWA TENGAH

Abstract

The ancestors of the Javanese community have knowledge of farming methods on agricultural land and various tra-ditional farming equipment passed down from generation to generation, which is still simple in nature, used by a group of hereditary communities and is part of the technology system they possess according to their cultural con-ception. There are two types of agricultural equipment used, namely traditional and modern farming tools. Traditi-onal farming tools are simple and driven using human labor, while modern agricultural tools are driven by machines. The transformation of traditional agricultural tools to modern agricultural tools needs to be studied more deeply. This article will discuss about the traditional agricultural tools used by the Javanese people, especially Cen-tral Java, along with the transformation of traditional agricultural tools into modern agricultural tools. This article is derived from research that utilizes qualitative descriptive research approach. Data were collected using interview technique, observation, and literature study. Interviews were conducted with informants (rice farmers and owner of agricultural land) who were considered to know and master the problems of traditional farming equipment in Klaten District. The reasons for use of traditional farming tools by farmers are (1) farmers feel that traditional farming tools are more appropriate than modern farming tools, (2) unprocessed areas, (3) able to reach narrow areas, (4) practical and easy to carry as well as used, and (5) low prices and such tools are easy to find. Some traditional farming tools have undergone transformation into modern agricultural tools. These modern agricultural tools are operated by machines, can be grouped into (1) modern soil implements, (2) modern cultivators, and (3) modern harvesters.

Nenek moyang masyarakat Jawa memiliki pengetahuan cara bercocok tanam di lahan pertanian dan berbagai macam peralatan pertanian tradisional yang diwariskan secara turun temurun, yang masih sederhana sifatnya, digunakan oleh sekelompok masyarakat secara turun temurun dan merupakan bagian dari sistem teknologi yang mereka miliki menurut konsepsi kebudayaannya. Ada dua jenis alat pertanian yang digunakan, yakni alat pertanian tradisional dan mo-dern. Alat pertanian tradisional bentuknya sederhana dan digerakkan menggunakan tenaga manusia, sedangkan alat pertanian modern digerakkan dengan menggunakan mesin. Transformasi alat pertanian tradisional menuju alat pertanian modern perlu untuk dikaji lebih dalam. Artikel ini akan membahas tentang alat pertanian tradisional yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat Jawa, khususnya Jawa Tengah, berikut transformasi alat pertanian tradisional menjadi alat pertanian modern. Artikel ini berasal dari penelitian yang memanfaatkan pen-dekatan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Wawancara dilakukan dengan para informan (para petani padi dan petani ladang) yang dianggap mengetahui dan menguasai masalah alat pertanian tradisional di Kabupaten Klaten. Penggunaan alat pertanian tradisional oleh petani ini dengan alasan (1) petani merasa alat pertanian tra-disional lebih tepat dipergunakan daripada alat pertanian modern, (2) area yang diolah tidak luas, (3) mampu menjangkau area yang sempit, (4) praktis dan mudah dibawa serta digunakan, dan (5) harga murah dan alat tersebut mudah ditemukan. Beberapa alat pertanian tradisional telah mengalami transformasi menjadi alat pertanian modern. Alat pertanian modern ini dioperasikan dengan mesin, da-pat dikelompokkan menjadi (1) alat pengolah tanah modern, (2) alat tanam modern, dan (3) alat pemanen modern.